2008年04月02日

What is responsibilityB

ascription  理由付け
attribution  のせいにすること、帰属
ascribe   に帰する
allot   割り当てる、分配する
allocate  割り当てる

the attribution of his illness to poor diet
He acdribes his poverty to bad luck.
This melody has been ascribed to Akira.
この曲はあきら作と言われてきた。
He ascribe his success to his wife's devotion.

the goddesses who allot the destiny of human beings
人類の運命を振り分ける女神達
They allotted each player the benefits.
I propose that the work should be allotted to them accrding to their respective abilities.

allocate a room to him
allocate people to specific positions

punitive   罰する、刑罰の
corrective  正す、矯正する
disciplinary  訓練上の

punitive laws 刑法
take punitive action 懲罰的な措置をとる
corrective training  非行少年補導

a disciplinary committee  懲罰委員会
a disciplinary hearing   査問会
take disciplinary action against  に対して懲罰措置をとる

violate   破る、妨害する
violation 違反
defy   反抗する、挑む
defiant  挑戦的な
defiance  挑戦、反抗
connotation  含蓄

violate a promise  約束を破る
violate the nuclear test-ban treaty
violate a church  教会を汚す
violate a grave   墓をあばく

defy tradition  伝統を無視する
defy my age    若作りする
No driver can defy the traffic rules.
His strange behavior defies understanding.
I defy you to prove this. さぁ証明して見せなさい。

a defiant attitude  挑戦的な態度
a defiant child  反抗的な子供
He was defiant of any attempt to abort his plan.
It defies description. 筆舌に尽くしがたい。

The word has acquired a slangy connotation.
the emotional connotation of such a scene
have a good connotation
recognize the negative connotation of his comment

implication 含蓄、ほのめかし
suggestion  暗示、ほのめかし

by implication それとなく
Her implication in the crime was to be expected.
his appointment will have broad implications for the future Japan-US relation.
on his suggestion 彼の発議で
What is your suggestion? ヒントくれ
Thank you for your constructive suggestion.
ignore a ridiculous suggestion
Im open to suggestions.

denotation  明示的意味⇔connotation
denotative  明示的な⇔connotative
denote    意味する、示す
connote   暗示する
designate  明示する

A frown often denotes displeasure.
しかめっ面は不満のしるし。
The word "black" connotes death.

Cities are designated on this map by red dots.
Green lines designate national routes on this map.

harsh  厳しい、不快な
harshly  厳しく
stern  厳格な、断固とした
grim   厳しい、不屈の、暗い
await  待つ

the harsh winter of Alaska  アラスカの厳しい冬
The boss is harsh to his men.
harsh reality 厳しい現実
harsh words
Aren't you being rather harsh?

He could make rude students silenct with just a stern glance.
be stern with his son
the sterner sex  男性
be stern about table manner
a stern face
a stern expression

grim and rithless
残酷で情け容赦がない
The economic future seems to be grim. 経済の見通しは暗いようだ。

The general had to await reinforcements before advancing further.
将軍は進軍するには援軍を待たなければならなかった。
posted by Akira at 15:13| Comment(11) | TrackBack(2) | Copy | このブログの読者になる | 更新情報をチェックする

What is responsibilityA

scenario  シナリオ、筋書き
casually  偶然に、思いがけなく
causal   原因である
causally  原因となって
cause    原因

a nightmare scenario  ぞっとするような筋書き
i asked casually   さけげなく聞いた
prove causal relationship  因果関係を解明する
a causal conjection     原因の接続詞
There is a causal connection between A and B.
AとBには因果関係がある。

cause and effect  原因と結果
the root cause  根本的原因
What was the cause of fire?
for good cause   正当な理由があって
cause for concern  心配する理由
have good cause to do
I have no cause for complaint.

preceding   前の、前述の
precede    先んじる、先行する
precedent  判例、先例
precedence  先行、優先
prior    前の、優先して
priority   優先事項

Do you accept all the terms of the preceding Licence Agreement?
precede him into the room
He precedes me in the party.
彼は党内で私よりも重要な位置にいる。

without precedent  先例のない
in accordance with precedent  先例にしたがって
there is no precedent for such action.
violate precedent  洗礼を破る
give precedence to her 彼女に上席を与える
in order of precedence  席次に従って

a prior angagement 先約
I have a prior claim to my deceased husband's estate.
a priority matter  優先的な問題
give housing the highest priority  住宅問題に最重点を置く
This is a top priority.
You need to get your priorities right.
優先権を決める必要があるよ。

legitimately  正当に、合法的に
legitimate   適法の、合法の
legitimacy  合法性

The money was acquired legitimately.
be legitimately authorized to do
deal legitimately with  合法的に扱う

a legitimate claim
legitimate expence  妥当な出費
a legitimate child  摘出子
legitimate power
legitimate self-defence

confilm the legitimacy of a claim
deny the legitimacy of the behavior
Please allow me to challenge the legitimacy of what you say.
あなたが言っていることに異議を唱えたいと思います。

valid  確実な、正当な
validate  認可する、法的に有効にする
validity  正当性、妥当性
invalid  無効な、説得力のない
punish   罰する
discipline 訓練する、罰する

Your argument is valid in every respect.
君の議論はどの点から見てももっともだ。
a valid reason
valid researce  根拠の確かな調査
a valid marriage  正式な結婚
a valid contract
a valid agreement

The consulate validated her passport by putting the stump on it.
領事館は彼女のパスポートを認可した。
validate a claim  主張が正しいことを証明する
the validity of an argument  議論の妥当性
give some validity to A   Aの正当性をいくらか立証する
Your passport is no longer valid.

an invalid chair  病人用椅子
an invalid claim  根拠のない請求
an invalid check  無効の小切手
This membership card becomes invalid in three years.

discipline badly-behaved boys
Playing 碁 affords good mental discipline.
keep discipline  規律を守る
school discipline  学校の規則

penalize  罰する
scold   叱る
reprimand  叱責する
indulge   甘やかす
propriety  正当性、礼儀

Akira penalized us for doing the math problem in red ink.
Most of us think that his crime dezerves the death penalty.
scold him for getting poor marks in the exam
Do not scold so much. そんなにがみがみ言わないで
By that act be called down on himself a sharp reprimand.

The only child tends to be indulged.
一人っ子は甘やかされがちである。
He sometimes indulges himself in idle speculation.
彼は他愛もない空想にふけることがある。

observe the proprieties  礼儀を守る
posted by Akira at 14:23| Comment(0) | TrackBack(0) | Copy | このブログの読者になる | 更新情報をチェックする

2008年03月25日

What is responsibility?@

entail    伴う、引き起こす、課す
necessitate  必要とする、余儀なくする
willingness  快くすること、乗り気であること
willingly   進んで、快く
shatter    粉々に割る

Writing a philosophy book entails a great deal of work.
The loss of your wallet entails getting all new documents.
The surgery entails a risk of complications.

The rain necessitated a postponement of the picnic.
Why were you necessitated to do that?
What necessitated you to do that?

She sincerely doubts your willingness to help.
The only really essential quality is a willingness to listen.
willingness to receive new ideas

Will you open the door? Willingly. 喜んで
She seeks wool and flax, and works willingly with her hands.

shatter the mirror with a rock
Illness shattered his hopes of running for mayor.
shatter his illusions
shatter the peace

squash  押しつぶす
collide  衝突する、ぶつかる
demolish  破壊する、粉砕する
demolition  破壊、解体、敗北
blast    爆破する、破滅させる
dining   食事

squash a fly on the windowpane
An elephant squashed the can flat.
He squashed his cigarette with his foot.
I was squashed with her cutting remarks.

The cars collided head-on in the fog.
霧の中で車は正面衝突した。
The bus collided with a lorry.
I collided with the boss over the new project.

demolish strongpoints one by one
軍事基地を1つずつ粉砕する
demolish old apartment buildings
The advent od AIDS demolished that thinking.
エイズの到来がそのような考えを粉砕した。

a demolition bomb  施設破壊用の爆弾
the demolition of dangerous buildings
carry out demolition
do demolition
They plan to demolish that old building and put up new one.

The blast of cold air hit her when she stepped outside.
a blast of wind  一陣の風
I was knocked down by the blast.
at a blast  一気に

dining car  食堂車
dining hall  大食堂
dining room   食堂
dining table  食卓

feast     ごちそう、祝宴
purposely   わざと、故意に
unintentional 無意識の
fortuitously   偶然に
fortuitous   偶然の、思いがけない
deliberately  故意に、慎重に、熟考して
deliberate   慎重な、用心深い、熟考した

a wedding feast  結婚披露宴
make a feast to him 彼のために宴をひらく
hold a feast
feable for the eyes 目の保養

be purposely absent  わざと欠席する
I think he is making himself purposely annoying.
She purposely avoided answering his question.

an unintentional bias
I assure you it was an unintentional deceit.
uninetentional deceit  意図的でない詐欺
an intentionally mutilated statue
故意でなく壊された像
offend unintentionally against the law

a fortuitous meeting  偶然の出会い
speak quietly and deliberately  落ち着いて慎重に話す
He deliberately neglected to call us.

a deliberate choice  慎重な選択
a man deliberate in dealings with others
a deliberate refusal  よく考えた上での辞退
His error was deliberate, not accidental.

malicious  悪意のある、意地の悪い
malevolent  悪意のある、不吉な
spiteful   意地の悪い、悪意のある
wicked   悪い、不正な
infamous  いまわしい、悪名高い

malicious rumors 悪意のある噂
malicious wounding 傷害
a malevolent person  意地の悪い人

It was spiteful of her to deliberately give him the wrong phone number.
a spiteful behavior  悪意に満ちた態度

wicked people 悪い人
a wicked heart
no peace for the wicked.
infamous behavior 破廉恥な振る舞い
The murderer was infamous for his cruelty.
殺人犯は名うての残虐者だ。
Akira was an infamous gangster.

notorious   悪名高い
accidentally  偶然に
clumsy    不器用な、ぎこちない
awkward   不器用な、ぎこちない
indignation  憤慨
resentment   憤り、憤慨

That novelist is apparently notorious for handing in his scripts late.
あの小説家は原稿が遅いことで有名らしい。
She was accidentally drowned in the river.

in a clumsy manner 不器用に
a clumsy old word processor  使いにくい古いワープロ
be clumsy at speaking in public
be clumsy with a tool

an awkward dancer  下手なダンサー
He is still awkward with chopsticks.
I felt awkward with them. 一緒にいてきまりが悪かった。

in indignation  憤慨して
an indignation meeting  抗議集会
Much to my indignation, まったく腹立たしいことに

rising resentment against government
政府に対して高まる憤り
keep up a lifelong resentment about it

offense  罪、無礼
indignant  憤慨して
fury    激怒
furious  激怒した、猛烈な

a capital offense 死罪
a civil offense
a minor offense 軽犯罪
a traffic offense 交通犯罪

She was indignant at the way she had been treated.
be hotly indignant with him for his arrogance
彼の尊大な態度に腹を立てていた
She was indignant over his nasty remarks.

an outburst of fury
The boy is beside himself with fury.
少年は怒りで我を忘れている。
She came at me in a fury.
be in a furious mood
be furious at what she says
He was furious that she had not come.

warrant  認める
gurantee  保証する
deserve   正当と認める
misdeed  非行、悪行
blunder   大失敗、不覚
fault    責任、罪

without warrant  正当な理由なく
with the warrant of a good conscience
正々堂々と
They had no warrant for their action.
君らの行動には正当な理由はなかった。
You had no warrant for trespassing.
君には立ち入る権限がない。

He deserved first prize. 彼は一等賞に相応しい。
She deserves to succeed.
She deserves to have us heip her.
彼女は我々の助けを受けて当然だ。

make a blunder
blunder so badly that it cannnot go unnoticed
blunder about in the dark 恐る恐る
blunder into the door  ドアにぶつかる

through no fault of his own  不可抗力で
it is my fault. 私の責任です。
a fault in the machine 機械の欠陥
Sturbbornness is her fault. 強情なのが彼女の欠点だ。
posted by Akira at 06:35| Comment(0) | TrackBack(0) | Copy | このブログの読者になる | 更新情報をチェックする

Mozart and MathmaticsA

clarify  明らかにする、明らかになる
clarity      清聴(せいちょう)、鮮明さ、明快さ
illuminate   明るくする、照らす
unfold    開く、開ける、打ち明ける
linkage   関連、連鎖

clarify my position 立場を明らかにする
clarified butter   澄ましバター(濁りをとったバター)
the clarity of vision  展望の明快さ
I have a poor memory but surprisingly I remember it with great clarity.
私は記憶力が悪いが、そのことは明瞭に覚えている。

a poorly illuminated street  証明の暗い通り
The whole class was illuminated by the teacher's joke.
illuminate fountains at night  噴水を夜間照明する

unfold a letter  便箋を開く
unfold my arms   腕をほどく
A splendid view unfolded before my eyes.
素晴らしい眺めが目の前に広がった。
would you trust me and unfold your plan to me?

cable linkage ケーブルによる連結
the linkage between the two genes
2つの遺伝子間の連鎖

alliance    同盟、協調
association  組合、連合、団体
ally     同盟者、結びつく
temporal   時間の、現世の、束の間の
seemingly  うわべは、見せかけでは
seeming   一見、うわべの、外見の
apparently   見たところは、明らかに

enter into an alliance with a country
ある国と同盟する
a triple alliance  三国同盟
an unholy alliance  よごれた提携
an Alliance candidate  連合候補

establish a baseball association  野球協会を設立する
His close association with president lasted for thirty years.
the association of ideas  観念連合
There is an association between Lincorn and slavery.
リンカーンと言えば奴隷制が思い出される。

Germany was once allied with Italy.
He allied himself with a powerful family.
Cats are allied to tigers. 猫は虎と近縁である。
There two points of view allied with each other.
military ally  軍事同盟

temporal pleasures  浮世の快楽
temporal power    俗権
a temporal conjection  時を表す接続詞

distinguish seemingly equivalent prepositions
一見同じに見える前置詞を区別する
Seemingly, we are able to get first prize.
どうやら一着がとれそうだ。
a seeming friend  うわべだけの友人
speak with seeming composure  一見落ち着いているように見える

an apparently genuine five-doller bill  一見本物らしい5ドル紙幣
Apparently, he is a good swimmer, though I have never seen him swim.
Apparently, he is a good swimmer. He has won many races.

outwardly   外見上は
controversial 議論の余地のある、論争上の
controversy   論争、議論
row      議論、騒動

Although she was outwardly amused, I'm sure she was really very angry.
a controversial figure  話題の多い人
the highly controversial new plan 物議をかもす新計画
controversialist  論客

a barren controversy about a matter 水掛論争
a question in controversy  論争中の問題
have a controversy with him
The proposal is beyond controversy.
a fierce controversy  激しい論争

have a dreadful row over one's share
Don't make such a row.

clash    衝突する
integrate  統合する、平等にする
unify    統合する
synthesize  合成する
integrated  統合した、一貫した

Her interest clashed with his.
We integrated ourselves into the corporate network.
The economies of these countries are being integrated into the global economy.
Some societies find it more difficult than others to integrate foreigners.

bring a region under unified control
unify the country
unify the opposition
unified field theory  統一場理論

synthesize a hormone chemically
chemically synthesize protein  化学的にたんぱく質を合成する
an integrated public transport system
integrated operation   統合公共交通システム

assimilate  同化する、吸収される
assimilation 同化、融合

Bread is assimilated more easily than rice.
assimilate lessons 学課を理解する
assimilate what I have read
assimilate European civilization
assimilate oneself to new surroundings 環境に自分を合わせる
The immigrants were assimilated with the natives.
assimilate life to candle  人生をろうそくにたとえる

intermarriage and cultural assimilation
the assimilation of the Canadians into the American economic and linguistic culture
In general, immigrants are not easily assimilated.

synthesis  合成、融合、統合
composition  構成、配合
unification   統合
potent     有力な
persuasive  説得力のある、口のうまい

heritage   遺産
inheritance   遺産
legacy     遺産

a poem of her own composition  彼女の自作の詩
her earlier compositions    彼女の初期の作品
There is something eccentric in his composition.
彼の性質は一風変わっている。

The railroad were a potent agency of civilization.
鉄道は文明の強大な力だった。
a potent antidote  強い解毒剤

Can you give a persuasive and convincing explanation of the reason for that.
When you make a request, you must indicate clearly and persuasively why it is being made.

inheritance right  相続権
inheritance tax   相続税
get a fortune by inheritance

legacy duty 遺産税
legacy tax  相続税
leave him a legacy
posted by Akira at 04:09| Comment(0) | TrackBack(0) | Copy | このブログの読者になる | 更新情報をチェックする

2008年03月23日

Bocabrally box

precaution  用心
protrude   突き出す
preside   司会する
preclude   排除する
predecessor  前任者、先祖
preliminary  予備の、前置きの、準備
provoke    怒らせる
prosecute   遂行する

take precautions against burning oneself  やけどに用心する
He had a slight cold, so he was absent from work as a precaution.
take every precaution to ensure success
成功を確実にするためにあらゆる対策をとる
take the precaution of locking doors and windows
take precautions 避妊する

protrude my tangue  下を突き出す
protruding eyes  出目
a bill protruding from my wallet 財布から飛び出した札
His fat belly protruded over his belt.

preside at a meeting 会の議長をする
preside over the fortune  その財産を管理する
The ceremony was presided over by the mayor.
式典は市長によって執り行われた。
preside at the argan  オルガンの演奏を受け持つ
preside over the worst budget deficit  最悪の財政赤字の責任をとる。

preclude all misunderstandings あらゆる誤解を避ける
The traffic noise precluded me from sleeping well.

Akira is my predecessor as manager.
The new plan is better than its predecessor.
新計画は前の計画よりもいい。

a preliminary arrangements  仮協定
a preliminary survey     予備調査
a preliminary examination  予備試験
a preliminary statement   前置きの声明
a preliminary contest   予選

without preliminaries  予告なしに
the preliminaries to a conference  会議の準備

prosecute my studies  研究を行う
prosecute an inquiry  調査を行う
make inquiries about the matter  事件について尋ねる
a letter of inquiry  照会状

They prosecuted some Japanese leaders for war crimes.
起訴した

aburupt  不意の
bankrupt  破産した
corrupt  腐敗した
disrupt   分裂させる
erupt   噴出する
interrupt  中断する

disrupt the flight  飛行を混乱させる
the activities of human brings that can disrupt the balance of nature.
Power service was disrupted by the earthquake.
地震の為停電した。

erupt in anger    怒りを爆発させる
erupt into laughter  突然笑い出す
The fighting may erupt into all -out war.
posted by Akira at 04:29| Comment(0) | TrackBack(0) | Copy | このブログの読者になる | 更新情報をチェックする

2008年03月18日

Mozart and mathmatics@

portion  部分、分け前
fraction  一部、断片
segment   部分、切片
curriculum  教育課程、カリキュラム
syllabus   講義要綱

q portion of the population  住民の一部
the passenger in the front portion of the bus
a portion of the blame for a traffic acccident
eat two portions of vegetables
野菜を二人分平らげる
one's portion in life  運命

a fraction of land  わずかな土地
at a fraction of the cost  ほんのわずかな費用で
crumble into fraction    崩れてこなごなになる

a segment of an orange  ミカンの一袋
be on the syllabus   時間割にのっている

erosion  侵食
erode   侵食する
erosive  侵食性の
undermine  徐々に害する、侵食する
halt    停止、停止する
standstill  停止、休止

Erosion is caused by the action of wind and water on the soil.
Inflation causes the erosion of currency value.
control soil erosion  土壌の侵食を食い止める

Jealousy eroded their friendchip.
The region is far from fertile, and what is worse, much of the top soil has been eroded away.

His behavior seriously undermined the public's trust in politics.
The house was undermined by the flood.

call a halt to the arguments 議論に終止符を打つ
halt him from going      彼が行くのを止める
Halt! 止まれ!
be at a standstill       止まっている
The car came to a standstill  自動車は止まった

terminate  終わる、終わらせる
termination  終結、満期
terminal    最終の、終点の

terminate the meeting by ten
terminate the contract
My friend was terminated from her job yesterday.

In 1934 Japan gave notice of the termination of the Washington Treaty of 1922.
The contract terminates in August.

acquisition  習得、獲得
elevation   上げること、昇進、標高
elevate    高める、持ち上げる、昂揚させる
improve   改良する、改善する、価値を高める
exalt   昇進させる、得意にさせる、賛美する
altitude  高度、標高、海抜

the acquisition by one company of a sufficient number of shares in another company.
behaviourist approaches to language acquasitionacquisition cost  取得価格

at an elevation of 1000 meters  標高1000メートルで
A child should be given books which elavate the mind.
He elevated his voice so as to make himself heard.

Working with other language learners helps improve language skills.
improve oneself in dressing  着付けが上達する
improve the design of the car
improve one's leisure by reading  余暇を利用して読書する
improve each shining bour     時間を有効に利用する
improve the each shining bour  好機を有効に利用する

be exalted to the presidency of the company
その会社の社長に昇進する
exalt the hero in song  その英雄を歌で讃える
exalt him to the skies  彼をほめそやす
Whosoever shall exalt himself shall be abased.
誰でも高ぶるものは低くさせる。

Pressure decreases as altitude increases.
高度が増すにつれて気圧は減少する。
Boiling points decrease with altitude.
沸点は高度が増すと低下する。
This tipe of cloud can be found at altitudes above 5000m.
at mountains altitudes  山の高いところでは

enhance  高める
trigger  引き金、留め金、殺し屋
cause   引き起こす
stimulate  刺激する、励ます
induce   説得してーさせる、引き起こす
induction  誘導、導入
inducement  誘因、動機

Lemon juice rubbed on fish before cooking will enhance the flavor and maintain a good color.
調理する前に魚にレモンをすり込んでおくと風味を高め色も落ちない。
The picture was enlarged and enhanced.
その写真は拡大され画像処理された。

pull the trigger at ...  に向けて引き金をひく
Inflation triggered unemployment.
インフレが失業を生むことになった。

cause embarrasament  どぎまぎさせる
cause offence     人の感情を害する
Each movement of my fingers caused stabbing pain.
指を動かすたびに指すような痛みが走った。
He caused our failure.
彼が原因で私たちは失敗した。
The flood caused much damage.
洪水で大被害が出た。

Cooking smells stimulate my appetite.
料理するにおいをかぐと食欲が出てくる。
stimulate demand  需要を刺激する
Wastes from human activities stimulate the explosive growth of algae.
人間が出した廃棄物が藻の成長を刺激する。
Futher violence was triggered by news of his death.
彼の死はさらなる暴力の引き金になった。

He was induced to given up drinking.
An advertisement induced him to buy the book.
Nothing could induce me to go to Tokyo.
A good pillow will help induce a night of deep and relaxed sleep.
induce criminal behavior in young men
若者の犯罪行動を誘発する
induce chromosomal aberrations
染色体異常を引き起こす

the induction into the Tennis Hall of Fame
テニスで栄養殿堂入り
induction ceremony  入社式
induction coil    誘導コイル
induction course  研修

The company promised her a big office as an inducement to take the job.
会社は彼女に仕事をさせるために大きな職権を与えるという条件を出した。
Nothing will induce me to go.

provoke  刺激してーさせる
provocation  怒らせること
provocative   (形)怒らせる
prompt     促す、引き起こす、敏感な、すばやい

provoke a dog  犬を怒らせる
Her rude answer provoked him. 彼の失礼な返答に彼は怒った。
provoke laughter   笑いを引き起こす
The upsurge provoked violence clashes with Rome.
要求の高まりはローマとの激しい衝突を引き起こした。
His rude reply provoked her to slap him on the face.
彼の無礼な返事に彼女はかっとなって彼の顔をぴしゃりとたたいた。

under provocation  憤慨して
Little provocation was needed to set these countries at war with one another.
provocative publicity techniques  挑発的な宣伝テクニック
Her spiteful remark provoked him to him to fly into rage.

Be prompt to do what is asked.
He was prompt in his response.
He is prompt in paying back his debts.
a prompt card  メモ用紙
prompt at 3 o'clock  ちょうど3時に

His proposal will prompt discussion later.
What prompted him to commit suicide?
The forecast of rain prompted me to bring my umbrella.

One day he came across an article in the magazine, which prompted him into action.
prompt first aid  迅速な応急手当

sudden  突然の
unexpected  予期せぬ、不意の
swift    迅速な、すばやい
abrupt   突然の、険しい
abruptly  突然、不意に

a sudden rise in blood pressure  血圧の急な上昇
make a sudden attack on the enemy
We were caught in a sudden shower. にわか雨

unexpected guests  不意の客
the unexpected   不慮の事故
Her death was unexpected.
resign unexpectedly  突然辞職する
He felt unexpectedly shy. 思いがけず恥ずかしくなった。

in a swift manner       迅速な動作で
make a swift trip into town  ちょっと町へ行く
She is swift of foot.    彼女は足が速い。
swift and sure         速くて確かな
True hope is swift, and flies with swallow's wings.

in an abrupt volte-face  突如180度方向転換して
The incident brought the political process of liberalization to an halt.
その出来事で政治の自由化の流れは急停止した。
an abrupt manner  無愛想な態度

Abruptly Jame backed away.
不意にジェーンは後ずさりした。
The organized protests were abruptly terminated by the beggining of world War 2.

initially  初めのうちは、最初に
primarily  最初に、本来
initial   はじめの、初期の
scribble  走り書きする
arithmetic   算数
algebra   代数
algebraic  代数の
geometry  幾何学
geometric  幾何学の

He had some fiedling problems when initially moved to third base.
彼は3塁にコンバートされた時、最初は問題があった。
Indian painting is primarily religious art.
The movement concentrated primarily on gaining voting rights for women.

The allies had recovered from the surprise of an attack.
連合軍は奇襲の最初の衝突から立ち直っていた。
My initial good opinion of him changed in time.
彼についての最初の好印象は時と共に変わっていった。
an initial consonant  語頭子音

scribble on a sheet of paper  紙にいたずら書きをする
scribble a message      伝言を走り書きする
scribble him a note    彼宛にメモを走り書きする
 
do a little arithmetic  簡単な計算をする
His arithmetic is good.  彼は計算に強い。
mental arithmetic    暗算
arithmetic mean    算術平均
arithmetic progression  等差数列

a problem in argebra  代数の問題
algebraic function   代数関数
algebraic geometry   代数幾何学
algrbraic language   代数的数学記法

analytical geometry  解析幾何
plane geometry    平面幾何
posted by Akira at 23:01| Comment(0) | TrackBack(0) | Copy | このブログの読者になる | 更新情報をチェックする

Agreement of victimsA

follow-up  追跡調査、追加
motivate   動機付ける、刺激する
motive    動機、誘引、モチーフ
arbitrary   任意の
optional   任意の、選択の
spontaneous  自発的な、任意の、本能的な
spontaneously  自発的に

This meeting is a follow-up the one we had last manth.
この会議は先月の会議の続きです。
a follow-up visit  再度の訪問

Decorate your room with pictures and sayings to motivate and inspire you.
To help motivate yourself to walk for exercise, walk with family or a pet.

What was his motive for the murder.
propose from motives of curiosity
好奇心から提案する
undertake the task of one's own motive自ら進んで仕事を引き受ける。

make an arbiterary decision  独断的に判断する
The relationship btw sound and meaning is said to be arbiterary.
音声と意味の関係は恣意的らしい。
an arbiterary character  気まぐれなたち
an arbiterary ruler   専制的な支配者

an optional extra  任意の付属品
Pain is inevitable. Suffering is optional.

a spontaneous offer to help  援助の自発的申し出
Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.

consent  同意、承諾
approve  賛成する
assent   同意、承諾、同意する
subscribe  同意する、購読する、寄付する
subscription  署名、寄付
sanction   認可、承認、制裁

consent to his plan  彼の計画に同意する
My parents consented that I marry her.
We consented to having our pictures taken.
I asked for her consent to do it.

I cannot approve such a method.
The teacher approved Tom's work.
Congress approved the budget.  議会は予算案を可決した。
approve oneself useful  自分が役に立つことを証明する。
I approve of his work.  私は彼の仕事に満足している。

assent to a proposal  提案に賛成する
assent to go there   そこへ行くことに同意する
recieve the Imperial assent 勅裁を得る
in assent   同意して
with one assent  満場一致で
by common assent  異議なく

subscribe fifty dollars to a local charity
subscribe a petition  嘆願書に署名する
subscribe to the New Yokers 購読する
subscribe to the theater ticket service  切符を予約する

I cannot subscribe to the view that we should boycott his lecture.

take out a subscription to--- ---の購読料申し込みをする
by public subscription   公金で
subscription rate    購読料

without official sanction  無認可で
have the sanction of the author to translate the book
the sanction against murder  殺人防止の拘束力
economis sanctions  経済制裁
lift trade sanctions 貿易制裁を解除する
impose sanctions on traffic violators

friction  摩擦、不和
constrain   束縛する、強いる
force    押し付ける、強いる
oblige  余儀なくさせる
pressure  強いる

Friction products heat.  摩擦によって熱が生じる。
the coefficient of friction  摩擦係数
cause political friction btw the two countries
2国間の政治的軋轢を生じる。
Friction has arisen among the employees.

constrain him to behave against his conscience
彼の良心に反したふるまいを強いる
I was constrained to tell a lie. やむなくうそついた。

constrain the clowd from violence
She was unable to constrain her impulse to buy anything new.
They were constrained from expressing there opinion.
彼を意見を述べることを抑圧された。

I was forced to sign the contract.
Nobody forced Jim. It was his own opinion.

Poverty obliged him to his crime.
The law obliges us to pay taxes.
She obliged herself to refrain from drinking.

pressure her to confess her guilt
彼女に自白を強いる
He pressured two female students for sex.

constraint  強制、束縛
curb     抑制する、制限する
compel  無理に・・・させる
doubly   二倍に、いっそう、大いに
dual   二重の、二元的な、2の

agree under constraint  やむをえず同意する
a financial constraint  経済的制限
go there by constraint  ムリにそこに行く

feel constraint 気後れする
laugh with constraint  遠慮がちに笑う

park at the curb  歩道脇に車をとめる
put a curb on one's spending  支出を抑える
The police failed to curb violence btw Muslim and Chirtians.

feel compelled to donate blood  献血をしないといけない義務を感じる
Her performance compelled admiration from us.
be doubly careful  倍注意する

Akira had a dual personality. あきらは二重人格だった。
the dual number 両数
Japan dose not recognize dual citizenship.

deceitfully  偽って、人を惑わすように
deceitful   人をだます、うそつきの
deceit    虚偽
deceive  惑わす、だます

It was deceitful of you to say that.
She used deceitful promises of big profits to attract the investors.
a deceitful act  人を惑わす行為

A true statesman is incapable of deceit.
真の政治家はうそがつけない。
The authoriries used force and deceit to put down the revolt.

deceive oneself  自分を都合のいいように惑わす
Are my eyes deceiving me? 見間違いだろうか?
posted by Akira at 06:17| Comment(0) | TrackBack(0) | Copy | このブログの読者になる | 更新情報をチェックする

2008年03月17日

Agreement of victims@

juvenile  若い、青少年の
inmate   収容者、同居人
reportedly  報道によれば
therapeutic  治療的な、健康に良い
curative   治療薬、治癒力
remedial   治療の 
therapy   治療

juvenile behavior  子供じみた行動
juvenile books    児童向きの本
juvenile corrective institution 少年院

an inmate of a poor farm
inmates of a hospital  入院患者
confine inmates to their cells  収容者を独房に閉じ込める
release an inmate on parole   在監者を仮釈放する

He is reportedly not dead.
報道によると、彼はまだ生きている。
a therapeutic bath  湯治場
therapeutic abortion  母体保護流産
A weekend in the country will have a strong therapeutic effect.

take remedial action  対策を講じる
a remedial class   補習授業

soothe  和らげる、なだめる
comfort  慰める、安楽、満足
calm    平穏、静める、なだめる
solace  慰める
appease  なだめる

She soothed the crying baby with a lullaby.
This medicine will soothe your headache.
Try this oil to soothe sensitive skin.

live in comfort  快適な暮らしをする
built for comfort 安全設計
words of comfort  慰めの言葉
take comfort from...  から慰めを得る
cold comfort      嬉しくもない慰め

The girl was terribly excited, so he tried to calm her down.
give solace to a friend 友人を慰める
She found solace in music.
solace oneself by reading the Bible

appease a crying child by giving her a teddy bear
Management tried to appease labor by offering them a bonus.

soothing  沈静効果のある
console  慰める
consolation 慰め(になるもの)
federal   連邦の

A glass of warm milk before bedtime can be very soothing drink.
I consoled him for missing his chance at a promotion.
I consoled myself with the kouwledge that I had been right.

find consolation in music
He was a consolation to the widow.
a consolation match  敗者復活戦
consolation final   順位決定戦
consolation prise  残念賞

He tried to console her with a box of chocolates, but she kept saying it was none of his business.

a federal state 連邦国家
the Federal Republic of Germany ドイツ連邦共和国
federal law  連邦法

regulation  規制、法規
regulative  (形)規定する
regulator  規制する人
regulatory (形)規定する
regulate    規制する

the regulation of traffic  交通規制
the regulation of a clock  時計の調整
the automatic regulation of humidity  湿度の自動調節
rules and regulations 規約
safety regulations  安全規定

the regulation speed  規定速度
the regulation size  規定のサイズ
regulation uniform  制服

regulate working conditions 労働条件を規制する
regulate the price of rice  米価を統制する
regulate a watch  時計を調整する
regulate the volume of radio ラジオの音を調節する

restrain  抑制する、断念させる、規制する
adjust   調整する
coordinate  同等の、調整する
condition 調節する

She restrained her anger with difficulty.
He restrains his children from mischief.
restrain oneself from smoking 禁煙する
restrain a dog  犬の行動範囲を規制する
restrain trade  貿易を制限する

adjust the seat to one's height
adjust oneself to one's new way of life
adjust one's tie
adjust the brakes on the car

adjust the difference of opinion
adjust conflicts  紛争を解決する
adjust one's accounts  清算する

a man coordinate in rank with me 私と同じ階級の男
a coordinate clause   等位節
condition oneself for a game  
The circumstances often condition our character.
環境はしばしば私たちの性格に影響する。
We condition our picnic on the weather.
ピクニックは天気次第だ。

harness  抑制する、利用する、馬具
trial   試み、試験、試練
attempt  試み
burden   重荷、負担
hardship  苦難、苦痛
suffering  苦痛、苦難

Akira, researching the University of Houston, proposes to harness solar energy from the moon and send it to earth.
harness energy of the sun 太陽エネルギーを利用する

give a new car a trial  新車を運転してみる
a flight trial      試験飛行
have a trial of strengthe with... と力試しをする
make a trial  やってみる
She succeeded on his second trial.

a public trial    公判
have a fair trial  公正に裁かれる
a criminal trial  刑事裁判

attempt an attack  攻撃を試みる
attempt his life  彼を殺そうと試みる
an attempt at murder  殺人未遂
her attempt on her own Japanese redord

carry a heavy burden up the hill
lay a heavy burden of taxation on the people
人々に重税を課す
lift the burdens from people's dairy life
The country is burdened with a heavy foreign debt.

They had to endure great hardship during the war.
It was a hardship to run the entire marathon.

physical suffering  精神的苦痛
ease the suffering of the patient. 患者の苦痛を和らげる
Besides war, what can cause more suffering.

ordeal 試練、苦労

She got sick and apparently had a terrible ordeal.
体を壊してだいぶ苦労したようだ。
He emerged from the ordeal with credit.
彼は苦難を乗り越えて名を挙げた。
endure an ordeal
evade an ordeal  試練を避ける
posted by Akira at 07:09| Comment(0) | TrackBack(0) | Copy | このブログの読者になる | 更新情報をチェックする

2008年03月16日

euphemismB

euphemism   婉曲語法
short-tempered 短気な
quick-tempered  短気な
irritable     怒りっぽい、短気な
impatient    我慢できない、いらいらしている
obstructive  障害になる、妨げになる


"The bathroom" is a euphemism for "the toilet."
He is less irritable since his fever went down.
彼は熱が下がったので怒りっぽさがやわらいだ。
When he is tired he is irritable about minor things.
疲れていると小さなことにもいらいらしやすい。

an impatient answer じれったそうな返事
She was getting impatient at having to wait so long.
The teacher was impatient with the students who forgot their homework.
be obstructive to the progress of ... の進行の妨げになる

obstruct   ふさぐ、妨げる
obstruction  障害物
objectionable  不快な、反対すべき
offensive    不快な、いやな
intolerable   耐えられない、我慢できない
abhorrent   嫌悪感を抱かせる、嫌悪する

A fallen stone obstructed our path.
落石が道をふさいだ。
obstruct a plan  計画の実行を遅らせる
obstruct the view  視界をさえぎる
obstruct traffic  交通を妨げる

an obstruction to progress 進行の妨げ
obstructions on the road
an obstruction in the water-pipe

an objectionable man いやな男
an objectionable smell いやなにおい
a noise offensive to the year  耳障りな音
An offensive smell came from the garbage.
an offensive manner  無礼な態度
intolerable pain  耐え難い痛み

objection  反対、難点
awkward   やっかいな、困った
awkwardly  不器用に、下手に、きまり悪そうに
graceless  品のない、無作法な
cumbersome  扱いにくい、やっかいな

by objection 異議を唱えて
take objection to his plan  彼の計画に反対する
be open to objection    反感を受けやすい
I have no objection to your saying.
Objection! 異議あり

an awkward dancer 下手なダンサー
He is still awkward with chopsticks.
彼はまだ箸の使い方が下手だ。
I felt awkward with them.  気まずかった。
at an awkward time    具合の悪い時に
Sunday is awkward for me.

make things awkward  事態を困難にする
It would be awkward. まずいことになりそうだ。
awkward age 思春期
awkward customer  始末におえない人

a graceless letter ぞんざいな手紙
a cumbersome parcel  かさばっていやな手荷物
cumbersome accounts  難解な報告

downright  全く、まったくの、率直な
absolute   完全な、決定的な、絶対の
utter    完全な、まったくの
absolutely  完全に、まったく
thoroughly  徹底的に、まったく、完全に
pedestrian  歩行者

a downlight lie  真っ赤なうそ
a downlight fellow  ざっくばらんな人
a downlight "no"   あからさまな拒否

I have absolute trust in him  彼を全面的に信頼している。
He is an absolute fool.     彼は底抜けのバカだ。
I have absolute proof of her quilt. 
absolute disgrace  致命的な不名誉

an absolute promise  無条件の約束
establish oneself as an absolute monarch
絶対君主としての地位を確立する。
His oeders are absolute.
No rights are absolute.

The whole town was in an utter panic.
町中がまったくのパニック状態だった。
utter despair  完全な絶望
an utter waste of time  まったくの時間の無駄だ

absolutely impossible  まったく不可能な
I am absolutely starving. まったく死にそうなほど空腹だ。
Absolutely no one is perfect. 絶対に誰も完全ではない。
I'm not absolutely sure. 絶対に確信があるというわけではありません。

I am not throughly tired.
突かれきっているわけではない。
We throughly enjoyed the show. 存分に楽しんだ。

deposit  置く、預金する、預金
staircase 階段
a circular staircase らせん階段
a sweeping staircase  広くて長い階段
a stone staircase of 20 steps 20段の石の階段

He deposited the packages on the table.
彼はその包みをテーブルの上におろした。
deposit money in a bank 
He deposited his will with oldest son.
彼は遺書を長男に預けた。
the deposited money  預金

put down a deposit  預金を申し込む
a current deposit  当座預金
make a large deposit in a bank
draw out a deposit  預金を引き出す

blur  ぼかす、汚す、ぼかし、汚れ
obscure  不明瞭な、ぼやけた
conceal  隠す、秘密にする
naughtly  わんぱくな、下品な
wicked   悪い、不正な、不道徳な
mischievous  害を与える、有害な、悪ふざけの

Everything was a blur in the fog.
霧の中ですべてが霞んでいた。
a blur of vices  ぼんやり聞こえる声
hills blurred with mist. 霧でぼんやり見える丘

an obscure meaning  理解しがたい意味
an obscure explanation  わかりにくい説明
Much legal language is obscure to a layman.

conceal a book under the desk.
He concealed his anger from friends.
彼は友人に怒りを見せなかった。
He concealed the fact that he had met her.
彼は彼女に会ったことを誰にも言わなかった。
The paper got wet and the ink blurred. 

a naughtly boy  いたずらっ子
Naughtly!    こらこら、ダメだぞ
The child is being naughtly again.

wicked people  悪人
a wicked heart  邪心
No peace for the wicked. 悪人に安らぎはない。
mischievous gossip  人を傷つける陰口
a mischievous call いたずら電話

disobedient  従順でない、違反する
disobedience  不服従、反抗
tumor     腫瘍、はれ
cancer  がん
swelling はれ、こぶ
lump   こぶ

The dog was disobedient to his order.
disobedience to orders  命令違反
Disobedience resulted in punishment.
不服従には処罰が待っていた。

a malignant tumor  悪性腫瘍
a lump of sugar  角砂糖一つ
a lump of coal  一塊の石炭
She is a lump of confidence. 彼女は自信の塊のような人だ。
a lump on the head 頭のコブ
a lump of money  たくさんのお金
posted by Akira at 18:13| Comment(0) | TrackBack(0) | Copy | このブログの読者になる | 更新情報をチェックする

2008年03月11日

euphemismA

lengthy   長い
prolonged  長引く、長期の
extensive  広い、長い
roundabout 遠まわしの、婉曲な
approximate  近似の、大体の
approximately   大体、およそ

after a lengthy inquisition  長い尋問の後で
Don't take large doses of individual vitamins over a prolonged period without professional guidance.
She has extensive knowledge of Chinese history.
an extensive inheritance  莫大な遺産
extensive agriculture  粗放農業
extensive reading   多読

take a roundabout course  回り道をする
in a roundabout way  遠まわしに、間接的に
in roundabout     回りくどく

her approximate age 彼女のおよその年齢
an approximate account of what happened  出来事の概略説明
a statement approximate to the truth  ほぼ真相に近い陳述
The weight will approximate 300 pounds.

Could you approximate the population of this city?
この町の人口はどのくらいですか?
a story that approximates to the truth

Approximately one person in eight is generally predisposed to be allergic.
およそ8人に1人が先天的アレルギー症である。

likewise  同様に、そのうえ
similarly  同様に
likeness  似ていること
element  成分、要素
ingredient   成分、材料

He hated her, and she hated him likewise.
I must go now, and he likewise.
"Pleased meet you" "likewise"
「よろしく」「こちらこそ」
be similarly situated  似たような立場にある
Others similarly followed suit.

There is not much likeness between the twins.
His likeness to his father is amazing.
bear a strong likeness to... に驚くほどよく似ている

Hydrogen is lighter than any other element.
水素は他の元素よりも軽い。
Diligence is an important element of success.
The play has all the ingredients of a good comedy.
その劇はおもしろいコメディの条件をすべて満たしている。
This soap contains nothing but natural ingredients.
その席巻は天然の材料だけを使用しています。

underatatement  控えめに言うこと
understate   控えめに言う
overstate   大げさに言う、誇張する
exaggerate  大げさに言う、誇張する
inflate   ふくらませる
inflation   誇張、インフレーション

I should say, in an understatement.
それは多分控えめな表現だろう。
an absurd understatement 馬鹿げた控えめな表現
a gross understatement  甚だしく控えめな表現
He likes to engage in understatement.
控えめな表現を使うのが好きだ。
the understatement of the year  実に控えめな言い方

understate one's age  年齢を若く言う
understate matter   問題を控えめに言う
overstate facts   事実を誇張する
overstate the point  その点を誇張する

The article was greatly axaggerated.
その記事はおおげさに書いてあった。
Since he has a tendency to overstate his case, you have to discount a part of what he says.

It is less dangerous to inflate a balloon with helium than with hydrogen.
The mechanic inflated the car's tires.
be inflated with pride 得意満面になる

swell  ふくらませる
soften  和らげる
inconsiderable   ささいな、わずかな
trivial     ささいな、つまらない
negligible   無視できるほどの

My injured ankle is swelling.
痛めた足がだんだん腫れてきた。
He blew into the baloon and it swelled bigger ang bigger.
My monthly salary swelled 10% to 400 yen.
Her voice swelled into a roar.
An allergic reaction to the medicine made her ankles swell.
薬に対するアレルギー反応で彼女の足は腫れあがった。

The direct sunlight softened the wax.
The windows soften the outside noises.
The butter began to soften up.
soften her loneliness  彼女の寂しさを和らげる

That would save me a not inconsiderable sum of money.
それでかなりのお金を節約できるでしょう。
a trivial offense against the law
ささいな法律違反

a negligible person  つまらない人
The damage is negligible. 損害はわずかだ。
waste time on a tirvial problem
つまらない問題に時間を費やす

petty  ささいな
prefix  接頭辞
suffix  接尾辞

Don't listen to petty gossip.
つまらない噂話なんかには耳を貸すな。
a petty crime ささいな罪
a petty criminal  軽犯罪者
a petty thief   こそ泥
posted by Akira at 14:24| Comment(0) | TrackBack(0) | Copy | このブログの読者になる | 更新情報をチェックする

広告


この広告は60日以上更新がないブログに表示がされております。

以下のいずれかの方法で非表示にすることが可能です。

・記事の投稿、編集をおこなう
・マイブログの【設定】 > 【広告設定】 より、「60日間更新が無い場合」 の 「広告を表示しない」にチェックを入れて保存する。